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Áèîãðàôèÿ.
Ñêðûòûé òåêñò
Ìîíòåãþ Ñàììåðñ ðîäèëñÿ â ñåìüå ñîñòîÿòåëüíîãî áàíêèðà. Âñëåäñòâèå ýòîãî äî 15 ëåò îáó÷àëñÿ äîìà, ëèøü äâà ãîäà ïîñåùàë êëèôòîíñêèé êîëëåäæ, êîòîðûé òàê è íå çàêîí÷èë. Åù¸ â þíîñòè óâëåêñÿ äðàìàòóðãèåé, ñîçäàë äîìà êóêîëüíûé òåàòð («Toy-Theatre»), â êîòîðîì ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî ðàçûãðûâàë äðàìàòè÷åñêèå ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ.
 þíîñòè óâëåêñÿ êàòîëè÷åñêîé îáðÿäíîñòüþ, ìíîãî ïóòåøåñòâîâàë ïî Èòàëèè. Ñ 1899 ïî 1903 ãîäû ó÷èëñÿ â Îêñôîðäå, ãäå îáðàùàë íà ñåáå âíèìàíèå îêðóæàþùèõ òåì, ÷òî æåã â ñâîåé êîìíàòå ëàäàí. Ïî ñëîâàì Ñàììåðñà â âîçðàñòå 21 ãîäà îí âïåðâûå óâèäåë ïðèâèäåíèå. Ïîñëå Îêñôîðäà ïîñòóïèë â Ëè÷ôèëäñêèé òåîëîãè÷åñêèé êîëëåäæ, ãäå ïðîó÷èëñÿ 2 ãîäà. Ïî îêîí÷àíèè îáó÷åíèÿ ïîëó÷èë ñòåïåíü ìàãèñòðà áîãîñëîâèÿ.
 1907 ãîäó âûøåë ïåðâûé ñáîðíèê åãî ñòèõîòâîðíûõ ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ «Àíòèíîé è äðóãèå ñòèõîòâîðåíèÿ», èçäàíèå êîòîðîãî ÷àñòè÷íî ôèíàíñèðîâàëîñü ñàìèì àâòîðîì.  ñáîðíèêå ñîäåðæàòñÿ êàê ðåëèãèîçíûå, òàê è äåêàäåíòñêèå ñòèõè, íàïðèìåð, îäèí èç òåêñòîâ îïèñûâàåò ÷¸ðíóþ ìåññó, à äðóãîé ïðîíèêíóò ãîìîýðîòè÷åñêèìè ìîòèâàìè. Îäèí èç êðèòèêîâ íàçâàë ñáîðíèê, ê áîëüøîìó óäîâîëüñòâèþ Ñàììåðñà, «íèæíåé òî÷êîé ðàçâðàù¸ííîé è ðàçâðàùàþùåé ëèòåðàòóðû» («the nadir of corrupt and corrupting literature»). Ñáîðíèê áûë ïåðåèçäàí â 1995 ãîäó.  äàëüíåéøåì ïèñàòåëü ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå ñîçäàâàë ñòèõîòâîðíûõ ïðîèçâåäåíèé.
 1908 ãîäó Ñàììåðñ áûë ðóêîïîëîæåí â ñàí äèàêîíà. Íà÷àë ñëóæáó ñïåðâà â ïðèõîäå â Áàòòå, à ïîòîì â Áèòòîíå (áëèç Áðèñòîëÿ). Îäíàêî íà ýòîì ìåñòå îí íàõîäèëñÿ íåäîëãî, òàê êàê áûë âûíóæäåí ïîêèíóòü åãî ïî îáâèíåíèþ â ãîìîñåêñóàëèçìå.
 1909 ãîäó Ñàììåðñ ïåðåø¸ë â Êàòîëè÷åñêóþ Öåðêîâü. Ñïåðâà îí áûë ó÷èòåëåì â êàòîëè÷åñêîì êîëëåäæå, çàòåì îáó÷àëñÿ â êàòîëè÷åñêîé ñåìèíàðèè. 28 äåêàáðÿ 1910 ãîäà îí áûë âêëþ÷åí â ñîñòàâ êàòîëè÷åñêîãî êëèðà, è âïîñëåäñòâèè íàçûâàë ñåáÿ ñâÿùåííèêîì, õîòÿ äàííûå î åãî ÷ëåíñòâå ê êàêîì-íèáóäü îðäåíå èëè åïàðõèè îòñóòñòâóþò.
Äî 1926 ãîäà çàíèìàëñÿ ïåäàãîãè÷åñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ. Ïî ñëîâàì ó÷åíèêîâ, îí áûë ñòðàííûì, íî õîðîøèì ó÷èòåëåì. Ýòó äåÿòåëüíîñòü îí ñîâìåùàë ñ èññëåäîâàíèÿìè â îáëàñòè äðàìàòè÷åñêîãî èñêóññòâà ýïîõè Ðåñòàâðàöèè, ïîäãîòîâèâ ê èçäàíèþ íåñêîëüêî ñîáðàíèé ñî÷èíåíèé, à òàêæå íàïèñàë íåñêîëüêî ñòàòåé è îäíó áèáëèîãðàôèþ íà óêàçàííóþ òåìó. Òàê æå Ñàììåðñ áûë òåàòðàëüíûì ïðîäþñåðîì — åãî ñòàðàíèÿìè íà ñöåíå áûëî ïîñòàâëåíî 26 ïîëóçàáûòûõ ïüåñ.  1926 ãîäó ôèíàíñîâîå ïîëîæåíèå ïîçâîëèëî åìó, íàêîíåö, ïðåêðàòèòü ðàáîòó â êà÷åñòâå ó÷èòåëÿ è çàíÿòüñÿ íåçàâèñèìûìè èññëåäîâàíèÿìè èíòåðåñóþùèõ åãî âîïðîñîâ.
Ñàììåðñó ïðåäëîæèëè ïîó÷àñòâîâàòü â èçäàíèè ñåðèè «Èñòîðèÿ öèâèëèçàöèè». Ó÷åíûé ñîãëàñèëñÿ è åãî ïåðâîé êíèãîé â óêàçàííîé ñåðèè ñòàëà èçäàííàÿ 13 îêòÿáðÿ 1926 ãîäà âûøëà «Èñòîðèÿ âåäüìîâñòâà è äåìîíîëîãèè» («The History of Witchcraft and Demonology»), ñòàâøàÿ ñàìîé çíàìåíèòîé åãî êíèãîé. Êíèãà íàïèñàíà òÿæåëûì ñòèëåì, ïîðîé îòñóòñòâóþò ëîãè÷åñêèå ñâÿçè ìåæäó ðàçäåëàìè, òåì íå ìåíåå îíà ñîäåðæèò êîëîññàëüíûé ôàêòîëîãè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàë. Îïèðàÿñü íà íåãî, Ñàììåðñ ïðîâîçãëàñèë òåçèñ, êîòîðûé áûë êðàéíå èçóìèòåëüíûì äëÿ íàóêè XX âåêà — âåäîâñòâî ñóùåñòâóåò è ïðåñëåäîâàíèå âåäüì âîâñå íå áûëî íåîáîñíîâàííûì. Ïåðâûé òèðàæ êíèãè áûë ðàñêóïëåí â òå÷åíèå íåñêîëüêèõ äíåé.  òå÷åíèå íåñêîëüêèõ ïîñëåäóþùèõ ëåò èì áûëè íàïèñàíû è èçäàíû êíèãè ïî ãåîãðàôèè âåäîñòâà, îáîðîòíè÷åñòâó è âàìïèðèçìó.
Ïîìèìî ýòîãî îí ïåðåâîäèò è èçäàåò òðóä êàòîëè÷åñêîãî òåîëîãà è þðèñòà Ëóäîâèêî Ñèíèñòðàðè «De Daemonialitate», ïîñâÿùåííûé äåìîíîëîãèè, â ÷àñòíîñòè èíêóáàìè è ñóêêóáàì. Ñàììåðñ èçäàåò òàê æå åù¸ íåñêîëüêî ðåäêèõ êíèã ïî óêàçàííîé òåìàòèêå, â òîì ÷èñëå ðàáîòó îõîòíèêà çà âåäüìàìè Ìýòüþ Õîïêèíñà.  1929 ãîäó îí ïåðåâîäèò è èçäàåò ñàìûé çíàìåíèòûé òåêñò ïî äåìîíîëîãèè «Ìîëîò âåäüì».
 òîì æå 1929 ãîäó Ñàììåðñ ïåðåñåëÿåòñÿ èç Ëîíäîíà â Îêñôîðä, ãäå ðåãóëÿðíî ïîñåùàåò ìåññó â îäíîé èç êàòîëè÷åñêîé öåðêâåé ãîðîäà. Âìåñòå òåì îí îáîðóäîâàë äîìà ÷àñòíóþ ìîëåëüíþ.  ýòî âðåìÿ îí çíàêîìèòñÿ ñ Ãåêòîðîì Ñòþàðò-Ôîðáñîì, êîòîðûé ñòàíîâèòñÿ åãî ñåêðåòàðåì.  1931 ãîäó Ñàììåðñ èçäàåò ñâîþ ïåðâóþ àíòîëîãèþ èñòîðèé î ïðèâèäåíèÿõ — «Ñâåðõúåñòåñòâåííûé îìíèáóñ». Çàòåì îí èçäàë åù¸ íåñêîëüêî àíòîëîãèé î ñâåðõúåñòåñòâåííûõ ÿâëåíèÿõ.  ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû æèçíè Ñàììåðñ çàíèìàëñÿ èñòîðèåé ãîòè÷åñêîãî ðîìàíà.
Ïîñëå íà÷àëà âîéíû Ñàììåðñ ñ Ñòþàðòîì-Ôîðáñîì ïåðååçæàþò â Ðè÷ìîíä, ãäå ïèñàòåëü ïóáëèêóåò ñâîé ïîñëåäíèé çíà÷èòåëüíûé òðóä — «Ãîòè÷åñêàÿ áèáëèîãðàôèÿ».  ýòî âðåìÿ Ñàììåðñ ñáëèæàåòñÿ ñ Àëèñòåðîì Êðîóëè.
 ïîñëåâîåííûå ãîäû Ñàììåðñ òÿæåëî áîëåë è 13 àâãóñòà 1948 áûë íàéäåí ìåðòâûì â ñâîåì ðàáî÷åì êàáèíåòå. Íà åãî ïîõîðîíàõ ïîìèìî Ñòþàðòà-Ôîðáñà ïðèñóòñòîâàëè ëèøü ÷åòûðå ÷åëîâåêà. Ñòþàðò-Ôîðáñ ñîãëàñíî çàâåùàíèþ Ñàììåðñà áûë îïðåäåëåí êàê íàñëåäíèê, îäíàêî âñëåäñòâèå þðèäè÷åñêîé ïóòàíèöû íå ñìîã âñòóïèòü â ïðàâà íàñëåäîâàíèÿ, à âñêîðå è ñàì ñêîí÷àëñÿ.
Ïîõîðîíåí Ìîíòåãþ Ñàììåðñ âìåñòå ñ Ãåêòîðîì Ñòþàðòîì-Ôîðáñîì íà Ðè÷ìîíäñêîì êëàäáèùå. Íà èõ íàäãðîáíîì ïàìÿòíèêå ñäåëàíà íàäïèñü «Tell me strange things» («Ðàññêàæèòå ìíå ÷òî-íèáóäü ñòðàííîå») — ýòèìè ñëîâàìè ïèñàòåëü ÷àñòî îáðàùàëñÿ ê êîìó-íèáóäü èç âñòðå÷åííûõ èì çíàêîìûõ.
Òðóäû
Ñêðûòûé òåêñò
Ïîýçèÿ è äðàìà
Antinous and Other Poems, 1907
William Henry (play), 1939
Edward II (play), 1940
Ïðîçà
The Grimoire and Other Ghostly Tales, 1936
Six Ghost Stories, 1937
The Sins of the Fathers, 1947
Supernatural Tales, 1947
Ðåäàêöèè è ïåðåâîäû
Works of Mrs. Aphra Behn, 1915
Complete Works of Congreve, 1923
Complete Works of Wycherley, 1924
The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole, 1924
The Complete Works of Thomas Shadwell, 1927
Covent Garden Drollery, 1927
Horrid Mysteries by the Marquis de Grosse 1927 (part of an incomplete edition of the Northanger Horrid Novels).
The Necromancer of the Black Forest by 'Ludwig Flammenberg' 1927 (part of an incomplete edition of the 'Northanger Horrid Novels').
Sinistrati’s Demoniality, 1927
The Malleus Maleficarum of Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger, 1928
The Discovery of Witches, 1928 by Matthew Hopkins
The Compendium Maleficarum by Francesco Maria Guazzo, translated by E.A. Ashwin, 1929
Demonolatry by Nicolas Remy, translated by E.A. Ashwin, 1930
The Supernatural Omnibus, 1931
Victorian Ghost Stories, 1936
The Complete Works of Otway, 1936
Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî îêêóëüòèçìó
The History of Witchcraft, 1926
The Geography of Witchcraft, 1927
The Vampire: His Kith and Kin, 1928
The Vampire in Europe, 1929
The Werewolf, 1933
A Popular History of Witchcraft, 1937
Witchcraft and Black Magic, 1946
The Physical Phenomena of Mysticism, 1947.
Ïðî÷èå òðóäû
St. Catherine of Siena, 1903
Lourdes, 1904
A Great Mistress of Romance: Ann Radcliffe, 1917
Jane Austen, 1919
St. Antonio-Maria Zaccaria, 1919
Architecture and the Gothic Novel, 1931
The Restoration Theatre, 1934
Essays in Petto 1933
The Playhouse of Pepys, 1935
The Gothic Quest: a History of the Gothic Novel 1938
A Gothic Bibliography 1940
Êíèãè, èçäàííûå íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå
Èñòîðèÿ êîëäîâñòâà
Èñòîðèÿ âàìïèðîâ
Èñòîðèÿ âàìïèðîâ
![](http://s43.radikal.ru/i100/1008/28/2fff4fa35cbb.jpg)
Èçäàòåëüñòâî: Ì.: ÎËÌÀ-ÏÐÅÑÑ
Ãîä: 2002 ã.
Ïåðåâîä ñ àíãë: Ð.Ø.Àõóíîâà
Âàìïèðû æèâóò ïîâñþäó, â ðàçíûõ óãîëêàõ çåìíîãî øàðà, íåêîòîðûå èç íèõ íåïëîõî óæèâàþòñÿ ñ îáû÷íûìè ëþäüìè.
Âàìïèðû Åâðîïû ñîâñåì íåïîõîæè íà òåõ, ÷üÿ ðîäèíà íà Âîñòîêå, è âñå æå ó íèõ åñòü íåìàëî îáùåãî.
 ýòîé êíèãå íàó÷íûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïåðåïëåòåíû ñ ëåäåíÿùèìè êðîâü èñòîðèÿìè, è ïðèïîäíÿòà çàâåñà, îòäåëÿþùàÿ íàñ îò íåâåäîìîãî.
Îò ñåáÿ.
Ýòî íå õóäîæåñòâåííîå èññëåäîâàíèå. Òóò ðàññêàçûâàåòñÿ î òîì, êàê ïîÿâèëàñü âåðà âàìïèðîâ, óêàçûâàþòñÿ èñòî÷íèêè. Òàê ÷òî äëÿ òåõ, êòî èíòåðåñóåòñÿ èñòîêàìè âàìïèðèçìà â ðåàëüíîñòè, à íå ëèòåðàòóðíûõ ïðîèçâåäåíèÿõ - ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ.